Typical outcome data describes the pattern of deficits seen on followup. Even 30 months after a mild head injury, 2-17% of patients suffered mild or moderate deficits. Just as importantly, at 30 months, 7% of moderate TBI patients and 35% of severe TBI exhibited moderate or severe deficits in 2 or more functional domains.
As a way of quantifying outcome data, the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS), seen at the right, is commonly reported in adults, but does not apply to pediatrics. The KOSCHI score has recently been described specifically for pediatric head injury patients, using the same 1-5 category scores as the GOS.
Score Rating Definition
5 Good recovery Resumption of normal life despite minor deficits
4 Moderate disability Disabled but independent; can work in sheltered setting
3 Severe disability Conscious but disabled; dependent for daily support
2 Persistent vegetative Minimal responsiveness
1 Death Non survival


Another extremely important risk factor for sequelae after TBI is age at injury. The evidence clearly shows greater mortality and disability in infants and toddlers after TBI than school-aged children or adolescents.



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