This is because these factors may increase the risk for developing delayed complications.

Finally, those patients without the above factors, as well as those originally recommended for observation alone, may be sent home if:

  • there are no significant extracranial injuries
  • there are no other reasons for admission, e.g. persistent vomiting
  • infant easily alerts with a normal neuro exam
  • there are no suspicions of child abuse or neglect
  • child lives in relatively close proximity to health care and has reliable caretakers who are able to return if necessary


Written discharge instructions regarding signs and symptoms of TBI complications should be given to all caretakers.

The literature is clear that the greater the forces involved (MVAs, falls from height or onto hard surfaces) and the more pronounced the symptoms and physical findings, the greater the risk of ICI. Because younger children and infants have a higher incidence of complications and asymptomatic ICIs and are more difficult to assess clinically, the threshold for imaging, whether by skull xray, CT or both, should be very low in these patients.



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