The Practice Parameter specifically excluded patients < 2 years old, victims of multiple trauma, those with unobserved LOC and patients with known or suspected cervical spine injury, as well as those with a history of bleeding diathesis or suspected child abuse. This Practice Parameter was reviewed and reaffirmed by the AAP in 2007.

The AAP recommendations are:

  • minor TBI, as defined above, with no LOC - observation alone
  • minor TBI, as defined above, with brief LOC - observation or CT


For those patients managed by observation alone, the observation period should extend for at least 24 hours, but may take place at home or in the hospital. If at home, caretakers need specific written instructions on monitoring the patient and when and how to seek medical attention if the child's condition worsens. Additionally, observation at home should only take place if the caretakers:

  • seem competent and reliable
  • are not intoxicated or otherwise incapacitated
  • have adequate transportation to allow return as needed
  • speak English well enough to understand the instructions




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