Summary		The salient points of this lecture are:  Risk Factors decreased Bwt/GA, especially ELBW male gender multiple births grade 3-4 IVH &/or PVL threshold ROP Any patient with these risk factors should have ongoing assessment of developmental status, preferably with a screening tool, such as the Denver. Remember to use corrected age until the CA of 3 years, then CA after that.  Vision All babies with a Bwt < 2 kg should be examined by a pediatric ophthalmologist for ROP starting at 4-6 weeks of age. Remember this first exam may be as an outpatient. Continued follow-up by the ophthalmologist should continue until complete vascularization of the retina has occurred. Any patient with a history of threshold ROP should have long-term ophthalmologic follow-up, because of the high incidence of other eye abnormalities (esotropia, strabismus, etc.) and unfavorable ROP outcomes. Any patient with a history of CP should have long-term ophthalmologic follow-up.  Hearing A patient who has any of the following risk factors for delayed HL should have repeat hearing screening done every 6 months for 3 years: Parent or caregiver concern about hearing impairment Family history of HL TORCH infection Bacterial meningitis Head trauma Certain neonatal conditions, especially hyperbilirubinemia requiring exchange transfusion, prolonged mechanical ventilation or the use of ECMO Neurodegenerative disorders such as Hunter's syndrome or Friedrich's ataxia Syndromes associated with HL, such as neurofibromatosis Recurrent or persistent otitis media for at least 3 months  Education For the school-aged child, the pediatrician needs to interact with community agencies and school systems to ensure the best, individualized long-term educational plans are made. Continued monitoring for development of minor morbidities is essential, as is the coordination of subspecialty care. Return to top of page